Anatomy of human facial muscles in cosmetology for botox injections. Schemes with descriptions and photos in Latin and Russian

The entire human body, including the head, face and neck, forms muscles. And the contours of a particular zone of a human face depend on the tone in which they are located. In order to maintain the elasticity and elasticity of the muscle frame for a long time, you need to understand how to work with them correctly, you need to study photos with descriptions and be able to read diagrams of muscle structure.

Why do we need anatomical knowledge in cosmetology

Modern cosmetology procedures cannot be carried out without basic knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the skin.

This information enables the cosmetologist to work correctly on age-related changes in the skin, qualitatively improve its general condition and carry out timely work with the muscles of the face, acting on them with the help of massage movements when performing cosmetic manipulations.

The structure of the muscles of the facial skin, the study of their descriptions from photographs and diagrams is the basic knowledge of anatomy. Without them, no cosmetologist will be able to correctly massage, inject botox under the skin of the face without negative consequences, or perform the procedure of microcurrent therapy.

Facial muscle anatomy

What is the shape of the facial muscles

The facial muscles look like flat, elongated bundles with a very thin muscle part.

Where are the muscles and how are they attached?

This muscle group is located in the subcutaneous connective tissue of the front of the head. They, unlike the muscles located in other parts of the human body, do not have a double attachment to the bones of the skeleton, but are woven into the ligaments at one end.

The exception is a small group of four muscles, which is located on the lateral surface of the head and provides the process of chewing food. The facial muscles are often paired, with the exception of the circular muscles of the mouth, nasal and supracranial muscles. In addition, muscles are classified according to their depth. There are deep, middle and superficial muscles.

How are reduced

The activity of the facial muscles is always coordinated by the central nervous system. The brain, receiving a signal about any process taking place from the outside, transmits it to the facial muscles, and they, in turn, translate the information received into the language of muscle contraction and display it on the person's face in the form of any facial movements.

Any muscle movement is always an accurate reflection of all kinds of nerve impulses.

With nervous diseases, injuries, infections, muscle contraction is disrupted. These changes can be congenital, permanent and temporary. The most serious condition is facial paralysis. Because of it, the muscles lose their ability to completely close their eyes and jaws.

Where is platism

Platysma is a superficial thin layer of the neck musculature, which is responsible for its beauty and overall appearance. It is located just under the skin and grows tightly with it.

Despite this fact, platysma does not participate in movements carried out by the head and neck, and is strained only with strong physical exertion or with acute emotional experiences: for example, at a moment of violent anger or with severe physical pain, thereby playing a significant role in facial expressions. In many ways, platysma differs from all other muscle groups.

Platysma is more susceptible to all kinds of changes and a rapid loss of elasticity, therefore, timely and high-quality preventive care is needed for its condition.

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Massage lines and facial muscles - interconnection

The muscles for the face are a kind of framework that keeps the skin toned, keeping it supple and elastic. And massage is the kind of manipulation that has a beneficial effect on them, further tightening the skin on the face itself. The massage makes the skin on the face even fresher and more beautiful, helping to get rid of acne and unevenness, creating a chiseled contour of the face itself.

This procedure is done strictly along the massage lines - certain directions of movement, which are followed by the beautician performing this procedure.

Direction of massage lines:

• from the middle of the chin along the jawbone;
• from the corners of the lips to the bottom of the ears;
• from the back of the nose in the direction of the temples in both directions;
• from the wings of the nose to its back;
• from the bridge of the nose to the hairline;
• from the glabellar space to the temples and hair.

The massage lines match the direction of the lymph flow, and with certain manipulations contribute to its acceleration. This, in turn, has a good effect on the general condition of the skin and helps to rid the body of unnecessary toxins and toxins, relieve swelling.

Muscle groups

A person has more than a hundred facial muscles located on the head and neck. Each of them can be viewed in detail in the photo with descriptions and diagrams.

Anatomy subdivides all these muscles into several conditional groups:

• mimic;
• oculomotor;
• chewable; oral cavity; language;
• neck muscles.

Some of the facial muscles can belong to different groups at the same time.

Chewing muscles

The chewing muscles provide chewing movements.

These include:

• muscles of the head (temporal, masseter, lateral, medial pterygoid muscles);
• muscles of the neck, the location of which is above the hyoid bone (maxillary-hyoid, sublingual and digastric muscles).

This group of muscles has minimal impact on the appearance of the face.

The chewing muscle, which is responsible for raising the lower jaw of a person while making sounds or eating food, is constantly in good shape and does not need additional exercises. However, it tends to undergo spasms due to increased compression of the teeth, and this negatively affects the blood supply to this area of ​​the face and activates the aging process in it.

The same can be said about the pterygoid chewing muscles, the main purpose of which is to grind rough foods. Care for this muscle group must be competent in order to contribute to the formation of the correct face contour and to prevent the formation of deep wrinkles in the lip area in the future.

Mimic muscles

The functionality of facial muscles consists in the formation of emotional manifestations on a person's face due to a certain extensibility of the skin and the formation of folds that appear in the transverse direction, relative to muscle contraction. The more emotional a person is, the higher the risk that facial creases will quickly appear on his face and neck.

The facial muscles are divided into muscles:

• upper front part;
• middle part;
• the lower part of the face and neck.

The first, when stretched, form vertical wrinkles on the forehead, horizontal folds on the bridge of the nose and the so-called crow's feet under the eyes, the second - create the effect of "sunken cheeks", deepen the nasolabial folds and wrinkles under the eyes, and in the mouth area.

Muscles of the third group - lower the corners of the lips and protrude their lower part forward. A high-quality study of the entire muscle zone will completely remove the listed shortcomings and make the skin relief smoother and more even.

Neck muscles

The neck muscles are divided into three subgroups:

• superficial neck muscles;
• muscles of the hyoid bone;
• deep neck muscles: anterior, middle and posterior scalene muscles.

The neck muscles, in contrast to the facial muscles, have five fascia (the so-called connective tissue sheaths that cover the muscles themselves):

• superficial fascia;
• own fascia of the neck;
• scapular-clavicular fascia;
• intra-cervical fascia;
• prevertebral plate.

Muscle imbalance and spasm of the neck muscles always provoke the development of skin laxity in this part of the body and contribute to the development of wrinkles and folds on the lateral part of the neck, the formation of transverse folds and double chin.

Other classifications

In addition to the above muscle groups, there are the so-called muscles of the internal organs such as the tongue, palate, middle ear and eyes. These muscles are also involved in shaping the appearance of the face and facial expressions. You can see them in more detail in the photo with descriptions and diagrams presented in the article.

Facial muscles and emotions

Each muscle belonging to the mimic group coordinates the expression of any emotion:

• For example, the frontal lobe raises the eyebrows and forms horizontal folds of the forehead, thus expressing surprise on the human face;
• The circular muscle of the eyes helps to close your eyes at the moment of fright, roll your eyes up or, conversely, lower them down, thereby helping to express embarrassment or misunderstanding. However, this muscle never works in duet with the frontal;
• The large and small muscles of the cheekbones help to reproduce a smile on the human face, lifting the edges of the lips upward;
• The muscle responsible for lowering the corners of the mouth, on the other hand, is activated when a person experiences negative emotions;
• The muscle of laughter allows you to stretch the corners of the lips in the horizontal direction and forms "dimples" on the human face when smiling;
• The circular muscle of the mouth is included in active work when sending an air kiss;
• If a person experiences emotions such as disappointment, doubt or anger, then the chin muscle comes into play, which slightly lifts and pushes the lower part of the face forward;
• When you feel fear, disgust, or other negative emotions, the superficial neck muscle is activated, which tenses as it does its job.

In total, about 1200 different combinations of muscle contractions have been identified in nature, reflecting this or that emotion on the human face.

Age-related changes in facial muscles

Over the years, facial muscle tissue loses its elasticity and lengthens. The format of such metamorphosis depends on how the muscles behave in different conditions: in a stressful situation, during rest or work, or when talking to people. Such moments as lifestyle, self-care literacy and heredity also have a significant impact.

In those areas where the muscles are not firmly fixed with one of their parts on the skin, over time, the so-called fat hernias form due to the pulling of the ligaments under the influence of the load. And where the ligaments are still able to hold the muscles of the face, folds and creases appear.

There is an opinion that age-related changes in the muscle tissue of the face are due to tone, elasticity and its increased relaxation, but in fact, the point here is different - in the constant tension of the muscles that cause spasms. With increased muscle contraction, the skin of the face collapses in a fold, changing the relief and structure of the skin.

For example, a spasm of the forehead muscle tissue leads to the formation of transverse and horizontal lines in this area of ​​the face, an increased tone of the circular muscle of the eye - to the formation of wrinkles in the eye area, and the contraction of the muscles of the middle facial part - to the appearance of nasolabial grooves.

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Which facial muscles are injected with botox

The introduction of Botox is aimed at eliminating mimic wrinkles and restoring smoothness to the skin relief. Botulinum toxin (purified natural protein) injections are performed by a beautician subcutaneously or intradermally into the facial muscles.

These are the muscles where it is necessary to reduce the sensitivity to incoming nerve impulses in order to slow down the deepening of wrinkles in the skin and tighten sagging skin.

Best botulinum toxin injections show their action in the following muscles:

• in platism;
• in the muscle that lowers the corners of the mouth;
• in the circular muscles of the mouth and eyes;
• in the chin muscle;
• in the nasal muscle;
• in the frontal muscle;
• in the muscle of the proud and the muscle that wrinkles the eyebrow.

The amount of the drug for each muscle zone is determined individually by the cosmetologist performing the procedure for injecting Botox under the skin. The maximum effect of "freezing" of facial muscles is observed for 3-6 months after the injection.

As soon as the muscles begin to make the first contractions, after this period of time, the effect of botulinum toxin injections under the skin lasts for about six more months.

The muscles of the face (a photo with a description and diagrams can be seen above) should be studied using the photographs and diagrams presented. The schemes are presented in Russian and in Latin. On them you can see a detailed description of where this or that group of facial muscles is located.

If you know the exact location of the facial and cervical muscles and familiarize yourself with the principle of their work, having figured it out through the study of descriptions, photographs and diagrams, then it is possible, through the subsequent competent stimulation of certain muscle groups, to slow down the aging process, while maintaining the elasticity and youthfulness of the skin for a long time.

Video on the topic: facial muscles, photos with descriptions and diagrams

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