Treating acne on the face. Preparations in cosmetology, antibiotics, vitamins, hormonal agents

Acne is an inflammatory process on the skin of the face, provoked by various external or internal factors. Drugs for treatment are selected depending on the form and severity acne breakouts.

Inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and post-inflammatory forms of acne

Pathology is divided into several forms and types, depending on the course of the process and manifestations. The non-inflammatory form of pathology is expressed in the formation of comedones - areas on the skin in the form of small spherical shapes filled with secretions of the sebaceous glands. The passage to the papule is practically absent or completely absent.

Subsequently, under increasing pressure, the lesions break through into the inner tissue of the skin, forming a papule. Also, the group of non-inflammatory forms of acne includes milia (whiteheads) - miniature formations on the skin resulting from excessive secretion of the sebaceous glands.

In the absence of timely therapy, papules develop into a closed form of an inflammatory phenomenon called rosacea or rosacea. Over time, purulent masses - pustules - form in the papule. When the process moves deeper into the pores, a complicated form of acne - phlegmous acne - is formed in place of the pustules.

The type of inflammatory forms of acne includes cicatricial acne, keloid, fulminant. With improper treatment of acne or no therapy at all, post-inflammatory traces (post-acne) appear in the place of inflammatory foci in the form of red or pale pink microscars.

Classification of acne by person's age

Acne can occur at any age, regardless of gender.

Pathology is divided into 2 categories - juvenile acne and age-related. 1st type - acne vulgaris. It occurs during adolescence and adolescence. Most affects the male part of the population. A distinctive feature is the development of seborrhea against the background of acne.

Classification:

• Papules. Miniature nodules with a red tint. There is no purulent content. This type develops for 12 days, after which they disappear, leaving small traces that eventually fade and disappear.
• Pustules. Dense accumulations, in the center of which balls with purulent contents are located. Formed on their own or when an infection enters the papules. Over time, they tighten, leaving bluish spots.
• Absolute acne. Formed when the pustules are opened. Microscars remain at the site of the focus. Most develop in people prone to dermatoses.
• Phlegmonous acne. Flat formations on the surface of the skin with pronounced signs of hyperemia and swelling.

The second type (age-related). It is called acne adultorum. Most observed in people over 40 years old.

Classification:

• Late acne. Rashes are typical for the female half of the population. Formed before the onset of menstruation, pass on their own at the end of the cycle. They can signal internal sexual problems.
• Spherical. Abundant accumulation of cystic acne, in the place of which, after opening, numerous scars and microscars remain. The process in the overwhelming number of cases develops in men prone to the development of seborrhea.
• Pyodermitis. Comedones with the development of acne are absent. Formations merge with each other. The regeneration processes can be delayed and take at least a year.
• Anabolic acne. Develops against the background of the use of anabolic, corticosteroid drugs.

A specialist in cosmetology or dermatology can determine the specific type of pathology through a visual examination.

Treatments based on the type of facial acne

Treatment of acne on the face, drugs and other methods of exposure are selected individually, depending on the form and degree of neglect of acne.

Possibly in several ways:

• Medication therapy. It is indicated for mild to moderate lesions. The drugs are effective in combating comedones, papules, pustules, phlegmous acne. Macrolides and tetracyclines for oral administration are prescribed as agents. Medicines suppress the vital activity of pathogenic flora, contributing to the relief of inflammatory processes. To restore the hormonal background, oral contraceptives based on estrogens and gestagens are prescribed. The vitamin complex (vitamin A, B, C) helps to speed up the processes of skin regeneration. Antibiotics may also be used. However, these funds are prescribed only by a specialist, taking into account the course of the disease and the individual characteristics of the human body.
• Topical preparations. They are used for papules, pustules, phlegmous acne, and also help to cope with comedones. Eliminates inflammation and dries out the centers of acne salicylic acid, zinc ointment, agents that include benzyl peroxide. In severe cases, topical antibiotics may be needed - Clindomycin, Erythromycin. The effect of the use of such funds is observed after 1-3 months of therapy.
• Mechanical cleaning, peeling. These procedures can be used only in the presence of non-inflammatory acne. Sessions are carried out manually or using special devices (vacuum cleaning). Chemical peels based on fruit acids are highly effective. It is not recommended to use this method in the presence of microscars on the skin.
• Laser exposure. It is used for inflammatory forms of acne. Effective against microscars and age spots.
• Phototherapy.

Some procedures and methods of treatment have contraindications, which is why it is recommended to consult a specialist before use.

Acne open and closed

Treatment of acne on the face, drugs for which are selected after determining the exact form of the pathological process, is carried out with the help of both local and systemic means. The most effective are retinoids - retinol acetate, Differin.

With the development of a tendency to inflammatory processes and infection, antiparasitic and antifungal agents are prescribed - Zentel, Troichetka. Among local remedies, lotions based on bisabolol, oak bark, pharmacy chamomile, and zinc ointment are very effective.

Mixed form - acne and acne

For mixed types, it is recommended to carry out ozone therapy and use different lotions for local treatment of the affected area. Thus, powdered tablets of trichopolum and levomycetin (ratio 10: 2) must be mixed with calendula tincture. Apply until complete recovery.

Among the gels, it is recommended to use Skinoren, Baziron, Dermazin. Ointments - zinc, sulfuric, salicylic. In case of defeat with Demodex, a whole range of measures may be needed, including dietary nutrition and correction of the psycho-emotional background.

Only acne

For acne, topical agents based on salicylic acid are effective - lotions, talkers, salicylic ointment. Oral drugs may be prescribed. Antibiotics are usually not prescribed. The scheme is developed depending on the reason. In case of malfunctions in the hormonal system, steroids can be used.

Cystic and nodular forms

Benzoyl peroxide is the main remedy for cystic or nodular acne. The tool can be used in any of the available forms.

Treatment of acne on the face of cystic or nodular forms of rashes can be carried out with the help of a special drug - Isotretinoin. For systemic use, injectable corticosteroid solutions are used.

The most effective drugs in cosmetology for the treatment of acne

Depending on the form and severity of acne, certain drugs are selected.

Only a specialist should be engaged in the appointment of the remedy, since an incorrectly selected method of treatment can cause complications and will only increase the manifestations of acne.

Hormones

Steroid drugs are prescribed only for severe forms, accompanied by infectious or inflammatory processes. In other cases, external hormonal therapy on the face is not performed due to the development of side effects or the so-called withdrawal syndrome.

List of funds:

• Advantan. It is produced in the form of a fatty ointment. The active substance is methylprednisalone. Fights inflammation, has an antihistamine effect, eliminates puffiness. Can be used in both adults and children. The agent is applied to the affected areas 1 time per knock. The duration of treatment is no more than 10-12 weeks. It is contraindicated for acne, comedones. It can be applied pointwise at the sites of inflammation or infection strictly according to the doctor's indications. The cost is 300-400 rubles.
• Akriderm. Available in the form of an ointment for external use. It has anti-inflammatory and antipruritic effects, is effective in allergic dermatitis. It is used locally once a day. The drug is contraindicated for non-inflammatory acne, blackheads, comedones.

If there are contraindications, drugs without corticosteroids are prescribed.

Antibiotics

Treatment of acne on the face, drugs for which are prescribed by a strictly treating dermatologist, can be carried out using antibacterial agents. Topical preparations have the greatest therapeutic effect.

Among the most effective, there are several similar forms:

• Synthomycin ointment. The product contains castor oil and the antibiotic synthomycin. It is prescribed for acne, accompanied by a bacterial infection. Eliminates inflammatory reactions, inhibits the vital activity of pathogenic microflora. On the face, they are used pointwise for no more than 5-7 days.
• Doxycycline. Available in capsule form for oral administration. The active ingredient is doxycycline. Effective for acne breakouts of various forms. Prescribe 0.5 tablets 1 time per day. The duration of therapy is from 6 to 14 weeks. Contraindicated during pregnancy, as well as in children under 12 years of age. Cost - 50-70 rubles.

If there is no result, stop using the product and consult a doctor.

Creams

This type of funds is selected individually for mild and moderate severity of acne lesions.

Preparations:

• Borough Plus. The cream fights various bacterial and inflammatory processes. Regenerates damaged areas, soothes in case of irritation. For people with oily skin, the cream should be used with great care. Apply to face 2 times a day. Can be used in childhood and pregnancy. The course of therapy is until the complete disappearance of all manifestations.
• Zenerite. The product contains zinc acetate and erythromycin, an antibiotic from the group of macrolides with a wide spectrum of action. The drug has a pronounced comedogenic effect. Disinfects, relieves irritation, eliminates inflammatory reactions. It is allowed to use it for children. Apply to previously cleansed skin 1-2 times a day. Therapy should not exceed 2 weeks.

Before using creams that contain an antibiotic, it is recommended to consult with a beautician or dermatologist.

Vitamins

Vitamin complexes for acne are prescribed to restore the immune system and saturate the body with useful elements:

• Vitamin A has a regenerating effect, heals damaged areas. It can be used both internally and for local treatment of problem skin.
• Vitamin E it is prescribed in combination with vitamin A. It belongs to the group of retinoids, participates in the processes of skin regeneration, and exhibits an antioxidant effect. Eliminates inflammation and relieves puffiness. Used in complex treatment in the form of tablets - Aevit.
• Vitamin C has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. It is used for various forms of acne. Fights infections and viruses.

Ointments

One of the most effective remedies for external use is Retinoic ointment. It is prescribed for cystic-nodular forms of acne, as well as in the treatment of rosacea. Causes slight irritation or burning sensation upon application. Apply to the affected area 1-2 times a day. The remedy is contraindicated in case of allergic reactions on the skin.

Roaccutane. A potent retinoid-based drug. It is prescribed by a treating specialist for severe and complex forms of acne. Has many side effects. Not prescribed for allergies. Apply 1-2 times a day. The course of treatment depends on the severity.

Degreasing agents

homemade talkers, infusions, and lotions can help reduce excess oil production, which can help tighten pores and dry out existing breakouts.

Salicylic acid. It is applied locally with a cotton swab. Apply pointwise to each boil 1-2 times a day. The tool helps to reduce inflammation, dry and disinfect the affected area. The infusion can cause a short-term burning sensation. Apply with extreme caution, as the tincture can cause burns.

Tincture of calendula. Relieves inflammation, fights infections, dries up, helps to reduce skin oiliness. It is applied pointwise with a cotton swab or sticks 1-2 times a day.

Cosmetics

Treatment of acne on the face, drugs for which may belong to the group of cosmetics, should be carried out after consultation with a beautician.

Antibacterial foam is a multicomponent cosmetic product for problem skin from the Dead Sea Pharmacy Cosmetics series. Effective for acne, blackheads, comedones. It contains zinc, aloe vera, extracts of sage, chamomile, calendula and more than 20 useful minerals. Reduces oily skin, dries, can be used as a prophylaxis.

Janssen Cosmetics is a natural yeast-based product from Germany. It has anti-inflammatory and immunocorrective action. Eliminates oily sheen, regulates the sebaceous glands. It is used for various forms of acne. Cost - from 2000 to 2400 rubles. for the remedy.

Antiandrogens

For acne caused by hormonal changes, antiandrogen drugs are often used.

Diane-35 is an estrogen-based combined hormonal contraceptive. Effective in the treatment of acne breakouts, prevents the formation of new acne. Contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation. Take 1 capsule daily, starting on the 1st and ending on the 25th day of menstruation. The scheme is developed by a specialist based on the course of pathology.

Janine is a contraceptive that belongs to the group of gestagenic and estrogenic drugs. Suppresses the excessive production of male sex hormones that provoke the development of acne. Has multiple contraindications, mandatory consultation is required. Standard scheme of application: 1 tablet 1 time per day for 3 weeks.

Specific immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is prescribed when the clinical manifestations of acne are interconnected and the work of the immune system. Weakened protective functions of the body can affect the multiplication of bacteria that provoke the disease.

Inadequate immune function can also cause the development of the disease. For the treatment of acne and acne on the face, drugs belonging to the group of cytokines or cytomedines are often used.

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